![]() In a wide range of plant species, anther and/or pollen development is disrupted in a class of mutants termed CMS (for cytoplasmic male sterility), which is associated with mutations in the mitochondrial genome. However, there is little evidence that plant mitochondria are involved in PCD. In plants, PCD is a feature of normal development, including the penultimate stage of anther development, leading to dehiscence and pollen release. ![]() ![]() In mammals, mitochondria have been shown to play a key intermediary role in apoptosis, a morphologically distinct form of programmed cell death (PCD), for example, through the release of cytochrome c, which activates a proteolytic enzyme cascade, resulting in specific nuclear DNA degradation and cell death. ![]()
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